This comprehensive guide refines the shoulder clinical examination for the FRCS exam, incorporating detailed explanations and key points. History:  Briefly inquire about neck pain and its potential correlation with shoulder pain. Inquire about any history of instability (subluxation or dislocation) before performing special tests. Inspect Posture ( Ask patient to…

This article is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits and harms of tourniquet use in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery. The authors of the study searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and trial registries up to 26 March 2020. They included 14 randomized controlled trials…

The ‘Diamond Concept’ is a comprehensive approach to managing long bone non-union, which is defined as the failure of bone healing after a fracture. It was first introduced by Giannoudis et al. in 2011 and has become a widely accepted framework for the management of non-unions in long bones. The…

1. What is the FRCS Orthopaedic Examination ? The FRCS Orthopaedic Examination is a postgraduate medical examination taken by surgeons who wish to specialize in orthopaedics. The examination is held in two parts, the first being a written examination and the second an oral examination. Candidates are expected to have…